Critical Care Nephrology Ed.3

Section 1: Principles of Critical Care 1. The Critically ill patient 2. The Pathophysiological Foundations of critical care 3. Pulmonary support in the critically ill 4. Hemodynamic support in the critically ill patient 5. Monitoring of organ function in critical care 6. Kidney-Specific Severity Scores Section 2: Principles of Renal Physiology 7. Practical Considerations of Renal Biopsies in Critical Care Patients 8. Tubular physiology 9. Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal Functional Reserve and Kidney Stress Testing 10. Renal energy consumption and metabolism Section 3: Epidemiology of AKI in critical care 11. Acute Kidney Injury: from clinical to molecular diagnosis 12. Community and hospital acquired Acute Kidney Injury 13. Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in critically ill patients 14. AKI in patients with CKD Section 4: Exposures and patient susceptibility 15. Genetic predisposition to AKI 16. Risks Factors and Risk Assessment in Acute Kidney Injury 17. Experimental Models of Acute Kidney Injury Section 5: Humoral and cellular mechanisms of kidney damage 18. Renal blood flow and perfusion pressure 19. Humoral mediators in sepsis 20. Cell Death Pathways: Apoptosis and Regulated Necrosis 21. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), and their receptors in Acute Kidney Injury Section 6: Clinical course of AKI and Biomarkers 22. AKI continuum: the conceptual model of AKD 23. Acute Kidney Disease, Renal Recovery and Post AKI Care 24. The role of biomarkers in AKI diagnosis and management 25. Functional biomarkers 26. Damage biomarkers 27. Stress biomarkers Section 7: Mechanisms of repair or progression 28. The process of repair after AKI 29. Maladaptive repair and progression to CKD 30. Biomarkers of recovery and/or repair following Acute Kidney Injury Section 8: SECTION 8: Renal Histopathology in AKI 31. Renal Biopsy in AKI 32. Localization of injury and repair pathways Section 9: Imaging techniques in Critical Care Nephrology 33. Ultrasonography and Doppler techniques 34. Contrast enhanced renal ultrasound 35. TRADITIONAL RADIOLOGY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN CRITICAL CARE NEPHROLOGY 36. Radionuclide diagnostic techniques Section 10: Clinical Syndromes and AKI 37. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 38. AKI in Burns and Trauma 39. Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury 40. Acute Kidney Injury in PregnancyAcute 41. AKI in oncology and tumour lysis syndrome 42. AKI in cardiac surgery 43. AKI in major surgery 44. Acute Kidney Injury in Heart Failure 45. Aki in CIRRHOSIS 46. AKI in kidney transplantation 47. Acute glomerulonephritis 48. Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury 49. Abnominal compartment syndrome 50. HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME Section 11:Prevention and Treatment: General Treatment Concepts 51. Non-pharmacological prevention of AKI 52. Novel Drugs for AKI 53. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Section 12: Fluid and Electrolytes 54. Blood Biochemistry: Measuring Major Plasma Electrolytes 55. Assessment of Urine biochemistry 56. Disorders of Sodium and Water Balance 57. Disorders of Potassium and Magnesium 58. Calcium and Phosphate Physiology 59. Principles of Fluid Therapy 60. Blood and Blood Products 61. Loop and thiazide Diuretics 62. Vaptans and the treatment of hyponatremia 63. Aldosterone antagonists and other potassium sparing diuretics Section 13: Acid-Base 64. Laboratory tests: blood gases, anion gap, stron ion gap 65. Acid Base physiology and diagnosis of disorders 66. Metabolic Acidosis 67. Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis 68. Renal Tubular Acidosis(RTA) 69. Metabolic alkalosis 70. Respiratory acid-base disorders 71. Iatrogenic and poison-derived acid base disorders Section 14:Metabolism and nutrition in critical illness and AKI 72. Energy requirement and consumption in the Critically Ill Patient 73. Metabolic aspects of RRT 74. Aminoacid turnover, Protein metabolism and Nitrogen balance in Acute Kidney Injury 75. Carbohydrates and Lipids 76. Endocrinology of stress response to critical illness 77. Anemia of critical illness 78. Management of Nutrition in AKI and RRT 79. Blood Glucose Control in Critical Care 80. Enteral Nutrition Section 15: Infectious diseases and Sepsis 81. Microbiological Considerations in the Intensive Care Patient 82. Innate Immunity and the Kidney 83. Adaptive immunity and Critical Illness 84. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome 85. Tropical Infections Causing Acute Kidney Injury 86. The Sepsis Syndrome and septic shock 87. Complement and its Consequences in Sepsis 88. Coagulation abnormalities in sepsis 89. Endothelial dysfunction in sepsis 90. The kidney in sepsis and Mechanisms of AKI 91. Recommendation for sepsis management 92. Antibiotic Prescription in ICU and AKI 93. Renal Replacement Therapy in Septic AKI 94. Blood purification therapies for sepsis 95. Management of infection in patients with kidney transplant 96. Viral infections in the ICU 97. Management of antibiotic-resistant infections Section 16: Acute Intoxication and Poisoning 98. Characteristics, Pathophysiology, and Effects of Common Toxic Substances 99. Drugs and Antidotes in Acute Intoxication and Laboratory Testing in Toxicology 100. Extracorporeal therapies in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning 101. Plasmapheresis in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning 102. Poisoning: Kinetics to Therapeutics Section 17:AKI and Organ crosstalk 103. Bleeding and hemostasis in AKI 104. Gastrointestinal Complications of Acute Kidney Injury 105. Cardiovascular problems in AKI 106. Water and electrolyte disorders in AKI 107. Neurological problems in AKI 108. Immunological and infectious complications of AKI 109. Cellular response to AKI Section 18:The heart and the kidney 110. Heart kidney crosstalk 111. Cardiorenal Syndrome Classification 112. Cardiorenal Syndrome type 1 113. Cardiorenal Syndrome type 2 114. Cardiorenal Syndrome type 3 115. Cardiorenal Syndrome type 4 116. Renal Function during Cardiac Mechanical Support and the Artificial Heart 117. The kidney in diastolic dysfunction 118. Principles of Volume Management in Congestive Hear Failure and Cardiorenal Syndrome 119. Management of overhydration in heart failure patients 120. Recent advances for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced kidney disease Section 19: The lung and the kidney 121. Lung-kidney crosstalk 122. The Kidney during Mechanical Ventilation 123. ECMO and renal function 124. Extracorporeal CO2 removal 125. ECMO and CRRT in adult and children 126. Pulmonary Renal Syndromes Section 20:The Liver and the Kidney 127. Liver-Kidney Interaction 128. Pathophysiology & management of the Hepatorenal Syndrome 129. Kidney Dysfunction after Liver Transplantation 130. Extracorporeal Liver Support and the Kidney Section 21: The Brain and the Kidney 131. Treatment of Combined AKI and Cerebral Edema 132. Renal Protection in the Organ Donor 133. Effect of Extracorporeal Therapies on the Brain Section 22: Fluid balance and its management in the critically ill 134. Components of fluid balance and monitoring 135. Methods of estimation of fluid status 136. The five B approach to fluid management 137. Mechanical fluid removal Section 23: General principles of Acute renal replacement therapy 138. Indications for Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill 139. Principles of Extracorporeal Circulation and mass separation 140. Membranes and Filters for Use in Acute Renal Failure 141. Evolution of Machines for Acute Renal Replacement Therapy 142. Principles of Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Circuits 143. Dialysis solutions and replacement fluids 144. Starting and Stopping Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill 145. The Concept of Renal Replacement Therapy Dose and Efficiency 146. Quantification of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy 147. Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Used in Extracorporeal Therapies 148. Ethical Considerations in Acute Renal R